The Problem And Review Of Related Literature And Studies

IntroductionThe practice of Pharmacy has steadily improved in the course of the most recent couple of years, from the conventional practice, quiet guiding to administering robotization, the training keep on growing more intends to convey productive pharmaceutical mind and encourage the decrease of prescription blunders in all parts of human services. Strikingly, one of the implies that was actualized is the program called Telepharmacy. This program is as of now rehearsed in North Dakota, Washington and Australia.Telepharmacy is characterized as â€Å"the utilization of cutting edge media transmission innovation by the drug specialists to have the option to give pharmaceutical consideration to patients a good ways off. † (Khatri, 2006). Elements related with the obstructing of value pharmaceutical help in remote networks are geological hindrances, absence of accessible drug specialists dealing with remote towns, separation of the drug stores, budgetary issues and inaccessibilit y of the meds, which will be adequately tended to by actualizing the telepharmacy.Several examines have additionally inferred that restricted drug specialist hours antagonistically influence the commitments that drug specialists can make to prescription security in provincial clinics. (M. Casey et al. , 2008). With the execution of Telepharmacy, conveyance of 24-hours pharmaceutical assistance will be tended to. As media transmission being an imperative piece of successful trade of data, its application to the act of administering clinical data represents a significant commitment to the field of Pharmacy, clearing another way to viable conveyance of pharmaceutical consideration to patients at a distance.With the modernization and developing intricacy of medications being equipped for restoring, alleviating and rewarding sickness, the requirement for the Pharmacists turns out to be increasingly obvious to guarantee the safe and savvy utilization of it. Since the Telepharmacy program is equipped for growing better access to an increasingly proficient medicinal services any place the patients are, sufficient consideration must be utilized to the program and the availability of network drug specialists for the program must be built up. With Telepharmacists being the ones performing total medication use reviewson the patient medicine profile and playing out the compulsory patient instruction directing to patients via telephone, the availability of the network drug specialist on the errand is urgent to the powerful execution of the Telepharmacy (C. Peterson, H. Anderson et al. 2004). Despite the fact that drug specialists are not genuinely present in their general vicinity, patients can get to discussion with an enlisted drug specialist and get their remedy confirmed through video conferencing (Riley, 2010).Enabling apportioning of prescription by means of telepharmacy will build access to more drug store administrations by more patients. By telepharmacy, the issues and limitations relating to drug advising by Pharmacists will be tended to even in the most critical time and circumstances. The preparation of the Registered Pharmacists for the program will prompt the achievement of the Telepharmacy in the nation since it will in the long run imply that the objectives that were set up for were accomplished, the proposed designs were met and by and large delivered a solid impression or reaction from the clients.Licensed drug specialists give conventional drug store administrations, including drug usage survey, solution check, and patient directing to a remote site by means of telepharmacy innovation. Holding the dynamic job of the drug specialist guarantees the conveyance of protected, top notch drug store benefits that can be in danger when the drug specialist is forgotten about as on account of web and mail-request pharmacies.(Peterson, 2004) The analysts accept that in seeking after this investigation, the attention to the general population an d expert the same on the huge commitment of Telepharmacy which is completely drilled in different nations in help of value pharmaceutical consideration will be raised impressively. What's more, alongside the possibility that Telepharmacy lessens any conceivable prescription mistakes, with Pharmacists giving insight on the telephone, the act of Pharmacy in the nation will be improved which will result to its full execution in the Philippine setting subsequently denoting the pharmacist’s job as progressively pivotal to the human services of the Filipinos.The assessment of the availability of the Pharmacist will step stone to demonstrate that the Telepharmacy program can be done effectively in the nation. With this examination, the chance of the act of Telepharmacy in Philippine setting will be resolved and evaluated, which will render it as a proof for the administration to be used more in the nation for progressively compelling medication data spread. Audit of Related Literatu reTelepharmacy can possibly improve the nature of pharmaceutical consideration and decline medicine blunders and antagonistic medication occasions in little country clinics. Be that as it may, in light of the fact that telepharmacy is moderately new, there is little writing in peer-investigated diaries. (M. Casey, et al, 2008). In different nations, the execution of Telepharmacy in administering drug data to patients a good ways off is by and large significantly used because of its impressive handiness on improving the act of Pharmacy and they were even ready to create different models of the service.In the US, there are two models of telepharmacy: North Dakota Telepharmacy and Washington State Model, utilizing drug specialists offering guidelines to the professionals by means of a video-conferencing connection and drug specialists actuating programmed apportioning framework from the base site to be apportioned by an approved staff at the remote site, individually. Australia additio nally built up a Rural Clinic Model of Telepharmacy that grants non-drug specialist experts to render the pharmaceutical administrations. In all the models of telepharmacy previously mentioned, the administering stage are totally separated into 5 stages: 1.) Prescription 2. ) Prescription Entry and Verification 3. ) Dispensing Process 4. ) Dispensing Verification and 5. ) Patient Counseling, with the last being finished by the drug specialists as required in all the three models (M. Kimber, et al, 2006) According to an ongoing money saving advantage study led by Westerlund and Marklund (2009) in Sweden, when drug specialists are associated with essential consideration, out of 151 patients utilized in the investigation, 68 patients (13%) were spared from sedate related issues and 16 patients (3%) were spared from future hospitalizations.Quality pharmaceutical administrations have been portrayed as: administering, gracefully and dissemination of meds; arrangement of information and da ta about medications, with the essential goal being the advancement and confirmation of value utilization of prescriptions (QUM); and arrangement of pharmaceutical consideration, which includes drug specialists reacting to patients’ tranquilize related necessities to help them accomplish their ideal wellbeing results. (M. Kimber, et al, 2006).The certainty that the Telepharmacy administration licenses conveyance of viable pharmaceutical consideration to more patients a ways off, this commitment will offer more noteworthy edge on the act of Pharmacy all in all and is predictable with the primary objective of the training which is drug specialists being a vital piece of the human services framework as the specialists in sedate use. Notwithstanding the commitment of telepharmacy to the training, it likewise offers noteworthy favorable position on the human services framework on its capacity to give laborers in increasingly remote settings.The fundamental point of tele-drug store s is to furnish greatest inclusion in zones with hardly any drug stores and increment the income for drug store administrators (Riley, 2010). Telepharmacy courses of action have been proposed as a route for littler provincial medical clinics with restricted drug specialist inclusion to acquire extra drug specialist assets (Lordan, Vorhees, and Richards, 2002; Peterson et al, 2007). Since half of the Philippine populace lives in rustic and remote networks, this calls for guaranteed consideration on giving satisfactory and quality pharmaceutical consideration in the said locations.According to the Report of the Commision on the Future Care in Canada by Romanow (2002), telepharmacy, as a feature of telehealth, is considered as a system for improving access to social insurance administrations for country and remote networks. The telepharmacy is furnished with camcorders so the drug store professional can be directed by an enlisted drug specialist. The area of the remote drug store is fr equently connected to focal drug store programming to make this procedure cover and guarantee ideal and right conveyance (Riley, 2010).With the dynamic and transitional improvement of the media transmission innovation in present time, the advising of drug specialists to patients a ways off will be conveyed effortlessly and comfort. Reception of telepharmacy has been moderate, however the combination of accessible innovation and restored enthusiasm for another drug store practice model has made an extraordinary situation that may introduce the ideal open door for telepharmacy.(Fahrni, 2012) Telepharmacy essentially offers advantage on tending to prescription inquiries through phone by killing all boundaries of correspondence with regards to conversation of individual and secret issues of the patients. As indicated by the investigation of Louderback (2007), circumstances, for example, â€Å"traveling two to five hours for arrangements isn't just tedious, yet costly† impact pati ents’ choices to move toward medicines. This is one reason why medicines brings about more unfortunate control of interminable wellbeing condition particularly to the old individuals living in the remote towns.Research likewise affirms that â€Å"economic pressures and geographic hindrances are troubles that country older folks face when they try to get doctor prescribed medications† (Collins, 2007). It clearly requires the way that there is a requirement for telepharmacy to improve the administration of interminable conditions and lessen the consumptions required to move patients for prescription treatment, particularly the individuals who brought about medication

Stand By Me - Critical Evaluation essays

Remain By Me - Critical Evaluation expositions I have recently watched Stand By Me which is a movie coordinated by Rob Reiner. It is around four young men who choose to proceed to locate a dead body, with the goal that they can inform the police regarding it and thusly be celebrated. The young men are called Gordie Lachance, Chris Chambers, Teddy Duchamp and Vern Tessio. In transit they experience numerous undertakings, for example, running from a train and standing up for themselves with a weapon. In this article I will talk about how the producers make the film fascinating and agreeable. Gordie, Chris, Teddy and Vern are closest companions. When Vern catches his sibling and his companion discussing the dead body they have discovered, the four young men choose to proceed to search for it with the goal that they can get acclaimed. During the excursion they address numerous difficulties, which test their fellowship, such as getting away from the Junkman and his feared hound Chopper. At the point when they get to where the dead body is, after much choice they choose to telephone the police namelessly. Be that as it may, when they get up to leave, Verns sibling and his companions face them. They need the body themselves so they can get acclaimed. The more youthful young men wind up defending themselves by undermining Ace and his companions with a weapon. Gordie Lachance, who is played by Wil Wheaton, is very creative, as he recounts to his companions stories all through this film. He likewise prefers to compose stories. Gordie is additionally very valiant and reasonable. We know this since he went to bat for himself and his companions with a firearm, however was not really idiotic enough to shoot Ace. He is likewise truly adept at offering guidance as he gives Chris bounty during this film. For instance, when Chris is feeling down on the grounds that he accepted that his future was unavoidable for him and that he could never escape the humble community he experienced childhood in, Gordie energized him and reveals to him that, anything he desires to do, he can do, and in light of the fact that his family hadnt tried doing anything with their lives, it didnt imply that he must be a similar way... <!

AT&T “Don’t text while driving” Essay

This fatal Combination is brought to an awful point in the YouTube video called â€Å"Don’t content while driving† is additionally a battle begun by AT&T in 2010 â€Å"It can wait†. Regular individuals are executed in fender benders. Engine vehicles are liable for the lives of numerous blameless drivers and travelers out and about. A typical explanation answerable for these mishaps include messaging while at the same time driving. Messaging and driving undertakings awful mishaps whose outcomes can be deadly and groundbreaking. AT&T bolsters drivers to not content and drive out and about through their â€Å"Don’t content while driving† promotions. In one of the short stories, a youngster experiences cerebrum harm as an outcome to the instant message â€Å"Where r† he was sending while at the same time working an engine vehicle. Another of AT&T’s short stories exemplifies a sister of a messaging and driving casualty. AT&T’s video sets a thoughtful state of mind, utilizes dependable spokespersons and utilizations style in literary data to interest the crowd while persuading watchers to not content and drive. AT&T’s â€Å"Don’t content while driving† video builds up a relatable state of mind featured by the setting of the accounts. Opening this incredible video is Missouri State Officer Grant Hendrix, he was the specialist on call on the location of Mariah West’s deadly mishap. He depicts her physical deformation from her vehicle brutally crashing into an expressway boundary. Getting started crying Officer Hendrix at that point says, â€Å"it’s interesting the principal thing I saw about her was her shoes lying in the roadway in an enormous pool blood I saw her shoes and I thought this is a little youngster, that’s the primary thing I thought when I saw this young lady and by then is the reason I saw her top and outfit was still in her vehic le and that she was going to graduate the following day this was only an extremely terrible seen all in view of a silly book message† (0:54) Seeing a veteran official get passionate, in any event, conceding he sees these sorts of things regularly offers an incredible expression. Close to the finish of the video he offering an impactful expression saying, â€Å"She paid the ultimateâ price for her life I’ve needed to do this more than once she was not by any means the only casualty that I have managed and it never gets any simpler and it won’t get any simpler was it justified, despite all the trouble losing your life over that content message†(7:18) In the â€Å"Yeah† story with the sister of a casualty, the setting is in the solace of a home. Crowds can identify with the setting in light of the fact that nearly everybody has or endeavors to have a spot to call home. Ashley, the sister of a messaging a driving casualty, can never again be at comfort in her own home without her sister. Realizing she sent the instant message that caused the demise of her sister is something she finds troublesome neglect. Interestingly, the â€Å"Where r† business closes with a youngster in a recovery community. He sits in the center holding an indication of the content that completely changed him. Encompassing him is a wheel seat, practice balls, and building squares implied for youngsters. The setting depicts his new life figuring out how to work so as to have an ordinary life once more. In the two cases, the setting claims to poignancy however in differentiating ways. The crowd can identify with the two circumstances by having a spot to consider home and what the outcomes of messaging a driving would be if one’s life was changed until the end of time. The casual commonality of a home can rapidly change the state of mind of a crowd of people after a horrible encounter. Also, a recovery center isn't a perfect spot for an individual to need to spend an incredible remainder. Poignancy is found in these promotions by associating with the audience’s feelings. The setting brings out s entiments of compassion for the crowd to make a relatable state of mind. Not exclusively does the setting convince crowds to not content and drive, the speakers introduced in the ads are valid and dependable. AT&T has consciously not recruited on-screen characters to talk about the dangers of messaging and driving in their ads. Rather they utilize genuine individuals who have individual information and experience of the impacts of messaging a driving. AT&T adequately utilizes ethos by getting the crowd to relate to the representative. They are ordinary residents whose lives were totally changed due to an instant message. The sister in the â€Å"Yeah† story Ashley, recounts her sister saying how amusing she was and how her sister was continually messaging her. One could tell they had a solid relationship before it was pulverized by the lethal fender bender. Moreover, by simply tuning in to the man with cerebrum harm talk, the crowd identifies with him. As he battles to put on aâ shirt, we see the physical impacts the mishap has taken on him . This video likewise firmly requests to sentiment since it makes the crowd feel sorry for the speakers. An enthusiastic association is made by the crowd and the speakers in these ads. All things considered, AT&T addresses the issue of messaging and passing through ethos and tenderness introduced by the commercial’s speakers. Alongside relating to the speakers, AT&T’s â€Å"Don’t content while driving† video depicts a one of a kind style to persuade the crowd to not content and drive. For instance, after the speaker recounts to their story, a clear white screen shows up with the individual instant message in striking, dark letters. The dull screen with inverse hues proposes a clear influence procedure that powers the crowd to concentrate on the screen and the message being introduced. These basic methodologies request to poignancy on the grounds that every hold a solid message that invigorates the audiences’ feelings. Toward the finish of the video, AT&T gives source data from Virginia Tech Institute dated from the year 2009. â€Å"Studies demonstrate that you are multiple times bound to be associated with a mishap wh ile messaging and driving†. (8:21) The entirety of the literary data introduced in the promotion portrays feeling. AT&T builds a sensible contention of not messaging and passing through the style exhibited all through the video. Without a doubt, messaging and driving is a rising issue in the public arena. Numerous lives are taken or even changed always on account of this benevolent demonstration. More individuals should be educated regarding the outcomes of messaging and driving, and AT&T did only that. AT&T’s â€Å"Don’t content while driving† video persuades watchers to not content and drive through their numerous enticing strategies. The plugs not just invigorate the audiences’ point of view, they adequately utilize visual boosts to present and cease drivers from messaging and driving. Considering the speakers’ believability, ethos is available in the video also. The settings, states of mind, speakers, and style all add to the influence of a group of people in this vid eo. AT&T not just sells PDAs, the organization willingly volunteered to introduce an issue brought about by PDAs. AT&T can draw in a crowd of people while advancing a reason and publicizing their wireless organization in their â€Å"Don’t content while driving† video. On an individual note I have gotten myself blameworthy of doing this every once in a while, I am embarrassed to let it be known however it’s valid. I don’t accept anybody ought to be messaging while at the same time driving, however how would I contend against something I am liable of myself? Do I utilize the familiar aphorism â€Å"do as I state, not as I do†? That appears to be fraudulent, yet subsequent to watching this video I need to state stop and think before getting that telephone while driving. It moved me the most observing the sister Ashley created with blame over her sister’s passing. This was the most remarkable for me, having lost somebody I excessively felt regretful over losing it stepped AT&T’s message directly in my heart. Lisa Walsh

If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Sample of a Research Paper

If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Sample of a Research Paper Sample of a Research Paper: No Longer a Mystery Research Paper preparation means handling a great amount of information. Academic papers cannot contain any signals of plagiarism. Research Paper isn't a task for a single day. An individual should realize that every Research Paper is a sophisticated writing because it must contain distinctive research and distinctive idea. Writing a reaction paper can be a really challenging job, so many students use examples to find out more about its structure and key capabilities. For instance, an economics class may take a business research paper, while. In many instances, a university student will be asked to produce a research paper proposal before he can move forward with writing the research paper itself. Dear students, now, you are going to have no issue with research papers. The Birth of Sample of a Research Paper One of the very first suggestions that you ought to entry level graphic design cover letter sample is to search for individual information before you set out to try to find different sources. The issue is that you don't understand how to begin, you don't understand what structure to use and should you introduce quotations and references. The precise number of chapters will be for you to select. There's several companies in the sphere of writing, but the majority of them are not reliable as they produce written tasks that are plagiarized and contain a variety of grammar and spelling mistakes. The Fight Against Sample of a Research Paper Whether there are any main limitations of your work, you are able to also mention this in brief within the introduction. Over the century of existence and evolution of the brand, which has repeatedly come to be the best-selling brand on earth, there's more than enough info to compose a large number of research papers. Most theories suggest that only very disturbed individuals do horrible actions if they're ordered to achieve that. Qualitative research is a powerful way to comprehend and learn more about the meaning ascribed to a specific issue. How to Choose Sample of a Research Paper Many times, a distinction between both research types is framed with regard to using close-end questions rather than the open-ended ones or using words rather than numbers. The hypothesis has to be refined to provide a tiny direction. Finding the most expertly crafted methods to become totally free research papers online may be challenging endeavor only with the appropriate drive and attitude it can turn into a simple endeavor. Put simply, make sure your methods will really address the issue. 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Muslim Identities in France and Britain Free Essay Example, 3250 words

Though the approach of Britain and France is different towards the Muslims who are also their probable citizens, the two countries, however, do agree on how their own Muslim citizens should conduct and behave themselves. For instance, Tony Blair stated that Britain s citizens, including Muslims, should conform to Britain s common values. Further, they should obey the rule of law, perform their duties towards the state and other citizens while even so, holding their rights. The citizens should also maintain freedom from violence and discrimination (Moosavi, Leon, p.6). France, reflecting on its Muslim citizens feels that The idea of regularly practicing one s religion can indicate an incomplete adaptation to modern life, or to French life. Too much prayer, the wrong clothing, too many trips back to the old country, all suggest that the person is a bit too transnational to be properly national. Despite public assurances to the contrary it is possible, and perhaps likely, that a gro wing adherence to Islamic norms of ritual practices will continue to conflict with (some) French ideas about the appropriate everyday behavior of French citizens (Bowen, John R., 2002, p. 7). France, requiring a more major shift of lifestyle of its Muslims citizens from the Islamic one to the French way of living, it has been maintained that even religious symbols are not to be incorporated in dress or attire. We will write a custom essay sample on Muslim Identities in France and Britain or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The Stasi Commission suggested in its report delivered in 2003, that wearing conspicuous religious symbols should be banned in public schools .

Leadership Style That Changed Over The Years - 1716 Words

Leadership is often an ambiguous term used to describe those individuals who are managing people and processes. There are as many styles of leadership as there are industries who utilize them. Most often, the culture of an industry creates a particular type of leader or manager, and individuals who wish to become leaders must change their style to reflect that of the culture. However, I believe that everyone has a leadership style that reflects who they are, and if provided the opportunity to utilize their natural tendencies toward leadership, can create a style that is uniquely theirs. This paper will reflect on the leadership style that I feel is closer to the unique style I possess. I will also discuss the style in which I feel less†¦show more content†¦In order to become a more effective leader, we must look for a style, or combination of styles, that best reflects who we are within. Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Theory According to Hersey and Blanchard (Daft, 2015, p. 68), the Situational Theory’s emphasis is on the followers. This theory relies on the followers’ readiness level to determine the style of the leadership required. This theory demands that the leader takes into account the knowledge, skill level and learning capacity of each of their subordinates and alter their leadership style to accommodate for each followers’ level. There are four types of leadership styles according to Hersey and Blanchard. (Daft, 2015, p. 69) Directing, coaching, supporting and entrusting. Each of these styles reflects where the individual team members are positioned on a readiness scale and can change dependent upon individual needs and goals. Under the Hersey-Blanchard theory, if the follower has a low readiness level, then the leader would utilize the directing style of leadership. This requires a more task-oriented, pro-active approach by the leader. This style is generally used for new employees and allows the leader to provide detailed instruction for how to complete a process with explicit timelines for completion. The leader frequently follows up with the employee to ensure understanding and competency during the learning process. This method of leadership ensures that the employee is provided

Catholic Religion Against Birth Control free essay sample

Religion Against Birth Control The Catholic Church has had a ban on birth control from the earliest days of the Bible. The catholics believe that birth control is absolutely wrong, and a grave sin. Birth control has been around at least since the times of the ancient Greeks and Romans . During these days birth control came in the form of animal skin condoms and various poisons to be used as spermicides (Catholic Church Birth Control. ). Catholic believers were told to receive every new born life as a gift from God. The first ever mentioning on banning birth control is in the book of Genesis 8:8-10. The next mention on birth control being wrong is located in the book of Deuteronomy 23:1 (Catholic Church Birth Control. ). Catholic families were told then to actively seek in having as many children as they possibly can. The more children that Catholic families have, the more Catholics there are to spread that way of life and to pay the churchs tithes. We will write a custom essay sample on Catholic Religion Against Birth Control or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The barrier methods of birth control, such as the condom, the cervical cap, the birth control pill and Depo Provera are thought to interfere with the act of conception (Epigee HOME. ). Preventing the egg from being fertilized by a sperm may hinder a womans pregnancy and stop the beginning of the pregnancy stage. Purposely stopping the joining of an egg and sperm is thought to be a sin, therefore these forms of birth control are not accepted. Since then Catholic leaders have become very furious about the Obama healthcare law which is forcing Catholic schools, hospitals, and charities to buy birth control pills, abortion-producing drugs, and sterilization coverage for their employees (Obama vs. Catholics: The War on Religious Freedom. ) Barack Obama and Kathleen Sebelius think that the church is wrong, and that it should grant women access to contraception (avoid pregnancy) despite their moral opposition. The battle between the Catholic Church and the Obama administration has landed in headlines today. As the church begins a fight against Obamas January 20th Health and Human Services mandate that Catholic employers and insurance agencies should provide contraception, sterilization, and abortifacients to employees and clients (Obama vs. Catholics: The War n Religious Freedom. ) In ruling, the Administration has cast aside the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, denying Catholics the Nation’s first and most fundamental freedom, that of religious liberty. As a result, unless the rule is overturned, Catholics will be force to either violate their consciences, or to drop health coverage for their employees. There is no war on religious freedom; there is, however, a war on women and a combined effort to deny us our rights to fair and equal treatment, under the disguise of eligious freedom. Even if we try to force the Catholic Church to provide a service that srikes on its doctrine because it’s a service we want, then we forfeit a sacred freedom. If we are willing to resign freedom for accomodation, then we have lost sight of the real purpose for which this country was founded. Works Cited Catholic Church Birth Control. Lisa Shea. Web. 18 Apr. 2012. .

The structure of keratin and collagen and show how their structures are suited to their biological functions Essay Example

The structure of keratin and collagen and show how their structures are suited to their biological functions Paper Keratin and collagen are very vital within the bodys structure; both are very similar in nature, being that they derive from amino acids, which make up their respective proteins. They both fall under a group of particular proteins known as scleroproteins or fibrous in nature. Majority of their structure consist of left-handed helix structures1. Scleroproteins make up one of the two major protein categories, the other being globular. Keratin and collagen each represent one of the three subclasses within scleroproteins. As scleroproteins their jobs are to provide support and protection for the body. They are adapt for this because of their complex structure of repeating polypeptide chains which strengthen as the bind together; this and their insolubility are vital in maintaining the anatomy of the body. Whilst being similar in some ways, collagen and keratin remain different in their specific functions and role. As mentioned above keratin is one of the three scleroproteins. It is an extremely strong, insoluble tertiary protein; it is the main constituent in the structures of various parts in the body. These include the skin, hair, nails, as well as horns and hooves in animals. The variety of body compounds that contain keratin show that it is a material that varies depending on function. In relation to skin, the amino acids, which make it up are arranged differently from any other form of keratin and make up the soft layer known as skin. It is present in all epithelial cells, those on the outer surface and on the inner surface such as the lining of the digestive tract. On the other end of things nails contain keratin, which are very hard. We will write a custom essay sample on The structure of keratin and collagen and show how their structures are suited to their biological functions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The structure of keratin and collagen and show how their structures are suited to their biological functions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The structure of keratin and collagen and show how their structures are suited to their biological functions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Other hard substances such as horns and hooves are formed by epithelial cells adapting to growing generous amounts of keratin and then dying as individual cells, leaving the keratin to form into these hard structures2. Where keratin is needed to be hard the arrangement of specific amino acids respond to the need to form a tough material. One of keratins important qualities is that it has the ability to flex and not tear of become destroyed. Keratin reinforces epithelial cells by helping to maintain their connections between cells. Cornification also known as keratinization is the foundation of how keratin in formed. The outer cells on the epidermis lose their function in this process, the cells organelles such as the nucleus and mitochondria disappear and metabolism ceases as the cells become replaced by keratin. This new layer is incapable of sensory perception and is classified as dead. Keratin covers the width of a cell enabling it to connect indirectly with other keratin in adjoining cell to form junctions called desmosomes2, this makes the outer most layer of non-porous, almost water proof. There are many types of keratin found in the body and in mammals, each type structured to suit its function. The most common form of keratin found in most parts of the body is alpha keratin3. They have long fibrous strands that super coil into alpha helixes, the folds and the short repeating units along the polypeptide chain are what make up their composition. The alpha helix is formed from an alpha keratin polypeptide, two of these twists around each other to form a coil. The hydrophobic strips on one helix associates itself with the other. This allows the side chains to interlock. The combination of the two coils is known as a dimmer. This is the basis of the protofilament of which 2 make up a protofibril. Four protofibrils make up a microfibril. The associations of many microfibrils form a macrofibril4. Hair for example consists of layers of dead cells that are packed with macrofibrils. The diagram below shows a general idea of how the higher order of alpha keratin is structured. A key feature of its structure is that is contains cysteine disulfide, this makes up for almost 24% of the amino acid structure5, it allows it to form disulphide bridges which forms a helix shape that is extremely strong. As the sulphur atoms bond covalently to each other across the helix, it forms a fibrous matrix, which is highly stable. High percentages of glycine and alanine aid to the formation of hydrogen bonds between amino and carboxyl groups of adjacent peptide bonds6. The disulphide bridges and hydrogen bonding cause insolubility in things like water. This structural feature is vital in mammals. The long filaments present in the structure provide support for the epithelial cells that contain keratin such as skin. It protects the body from damage by allowing other tissues to form around it and stabilize. Collagen is one of other types of scleroprotein, as with keratin it is an important part in majority of the bodys structures. It is the main component in connective tissue. It makes up for roughly 25% of the bodys protein7. Its strength and insolubility make it the most abundant protein in mammals. Being a connective protein it is seen in body tissues such as the skin, muscles, tendon and cartilage. There are about 25 different types of collagen that occur in the body. Collagen widely works with the other scleroproteins supporting the bodys tissues. It does this by providing support, firmness and strength. Collagen may be seen in different forms such as endomysium and fibrous tissue8, different types being made for different parts of the body such as the cornea, bone, blood vessels as well as the gut. It is able to withstand intense pulling and stretching. It makes up the major stress bearing parts of connective tissue4. One of the most important qualities of collagen is strength; it has the tensile strength of steel and is used to strengthen bone similarly to how metal rods reinforce concrete. It has been seen as a form of glue that hold the body together; with out it the human body would not be one complete structure. Collagen appears to be able to do this as a result of features within its structure. For a long period of time scientists have struggled to identify the exact structure of collagen, this is because of its unusual amino acid composition. Collagen has a super-coiled helical shape, it is long, stringy, strong, and resembles a rope. Its primary structure consists of a repeating sequence of glycine and two other amino acids, often proline and hydroxyproline; this forms its sturdy structure. These amino acids cause the chain not to gain the normal alpha- helix or beta- sheet structure; instead they form the long separate chains that allow the collagen triple helix to form9. A single strand of collagen is composed of three chains of polypeptides each being about 1000 amino acids long, the three strands are arranged parallel to each other and are wound up into a triple helix. The bundling of the fiber together and hydrogen bonding between the lengths of the polypeptide chain give it strength. The diagram below gives a general idea as to how a collagen fiber is shaped. Collagens tightly wound matrix of fibers in its structure is very vital in its function, being that majority of the body comprises of it, it need be very strong. For instance collagen is a major component of tendons, which connect muscles to bones, and ligaments, which connect bones to joints. The variance of collagen in these two parts is very little, but remain specialised for both areas. Both parts require strength and flexibility, things that are provided and adjusted from the compactions of the collagen fibers. As mentioned collagen varies in strength and flexibility depending on where its located and its function as connective tissue. Structural defects within the structures of vital proteins such as collagen and keratin can be responsible for major metabolic related diseases. Osteogenesis imperfecta also known as brittle bone disease is an example of one of these conditions that affect collagen. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder that causes extremely fragile bones. As a result people with the condition tend to have many fractures within a lifetime. It is an inherited disease; it is caused by mutations within the genes of type 1 collagen (the most prevalent collagen in the body). The deficiency stems from the substitution of the amino acid glycine, it should normally be at every third position for the triple helix to form properly, mutations that result in amino acids other than glycine in that position cause an issue within the collagen complex which produce unstable helices. The bodys lack of response to the dysfunctional collagen structure allows it to be hydrolyzed. When unstable helices form in the collagen associated with tendons and bones, such as Type I collagen, severely weak bone formation results10. There are 8 types of OI ranging form type I- VIII. The later being the worst case of it. The severity the condition depends on the specific gene defect. OI is typically hard to generalize as it varies from person to person, even when two people in the same family have the same form of it, the characteristics may be completely different. Symptoms of the condition vary; they may include blue sclera and early hearing loss. Milder forms of OI result in bowed arms and legs, scoliosis and kyphosis11. Currently there arent any cures for the condition. Treatment is directed toward preventing or controlling the symptoms, maximizing independent mobility, and developing optimal bone mass and muscle strength. Various forms of therapy are in place to reduce suffering for individuals with the condition. In extremely severe cases a surgical procedure called rodding is used. This involves inserting metal rods through the length of the long bones to strengthen them and prevent and/or correct deformities12. Research into various medication and other treatments are being explored, some include growth hormones, gene therapy and other multiple types of drugs.

Get 10 Facts About the Element Sodium

Get 10 Facts About the Element Sodium Sodium is an abundant element thats essential for human nutrition and important for many chemical processes. Here are 10 facts about sodium. Sodium is a silvery-white metal belonging to Group 1 of the Periodic Table, which is the alkali metals group.Sodium is highly reactive. The pure metal is stored in oil or kerosene because it spontaneously ignites in water. Sodium metal also floats on water.At room temperature, sodium metal is soft enough that you can cut it with a butter knife.Sodium is an essential element in animal nutrition. In humans, sodium is important for maintaining fluid balance in the cells and throughout the body, while the electric potential maintained by sodium ions is critical for nerve function.Sodium and its compounds are used for food preservation, for cooling nuclear reactors, in sodium vapor lamps, for purifying and refining other elements and compounds, and as a desiccant.There is only one stable isotope of sodium: 23Na.The symbol for sodium is Na, which comes from the Latin natrium or Arabic natrun or a similar-sounding Egyptian word, all referring to soda or sodium carbonate.Sodium is an abundan t element. Its found in the sun and many other stars. It is the sixth most abundant element on Earth, comprising about 2.6 percent of the earths crust. It is the most abundant alkali metal. Although its too reactive to occur in pure elemental form, it is found in many minerals, including halite, cryolite, soda niter, zeolite, amphibole, and sodalite. The most common sodium mineral is halite or sodium chloride salt.Sodium was first commercially produced by thermal reduction of sodium carbonate with carbon at 1,100 Â °C, in the Deville process. Pure sodium may be obtained by electrolysis of molten sodium chloride. It may also be produced by the thermal decomposition of sodium azide.

Water level determination, measurement and datums Essay

Water level determination, measurement and datums - Essay Example Moreover, by performing all these activities, the exact location to extract ground water for irrigation purposes might be analysed effectively. However, if the exact place might be evaluated then many other processes of agriculture as well as human requirements might be improved to a significant extent. Therefore, due to all these purposes, the process of sea level measurement, changes of atmospheric pressure, winds, topographical changes, alteration of oscillations etc are calculated with high attention in these recent years as compared to prior age. The rationale of this essay is to analyse the importance and effectiveness of water level determination, tidal water measurements as well as datums. However, the entire essay is divided into four parts, introduction, discussion, analysis and conclusion. The level of sea is not uniform. It varies with time and distance and it’s mainly due to its steady motion. However, the motion of the sea is highly influenced by winds, tidal waves, atmospheric pressure, temperature, gravitational forces and many other forces of nature. Therefore, due to the presence of numerous uncertain forces and pressure influencing the level of water, a highly inventive technology named GPS Buoys is utilised. GPS Buoys is a sort of wave antenna of extremely light-weight used to analyse, whether the level of water in the sea is increasing or not. The prime purpose to utilise such type of instruments is to analyse the environment and the measurement of tidal waves. However, if any sort of difficult scenario arises, then it would surely get highlighted within this device and the engineers and the sea surveyors might take corrective actions for it. However, due to global warming, the ice caps or snows in high mountain peaks are melting at a rapid pace and this is increasing the level of water. But, due to increase of water level, the rate of dry land is decreasing and such a scenario

ENGLISH LEGAL SYSTEM & SKILLS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ENGLISH LEGAL SYSTEM & SKILLS - Essay Example The initial grounds of appeal by the appellant was that he was denied his right to legal representation1 by the school board which amounted to gross violation of his rights under the European Convention on human Rights that among other rights provide for a right to a legal representation2. Legal issues upon which G’s case was heard at first instance The legal issue to be proved at first instance was whether there was any form of sexual contact between the claimant and the boy. They had to establish whether there was any form of improper contact that would attract disciplinary action against the claimant. On founding of a disciplinary action, a report would be forwarded to the Secretary of State to consider any future employment of the claimant especially in any employment position that would put him in any kind of contact with school going children. The panel should consider whether the actions constitute an abuse of trust of his implicit position in the school and consequentl y constituting gross misconduct. Legal issues identified in the appeal in the Supreme Court One of the legal issues that were identified by the Supreme Court was whether the claimant’s rights had been violated at the hearing in the first instance. It has to consider whether the denial of the claimant’s legal representation amounted to a violation of his rights. The claimant had been denied representation by his counsel in the hearings at the tribunal. In fact the tribunal went ahead to make a decision having denied her this right. In any case involving the determination of a person’s civil rights as well as obligations of any criminal charge against him, he is entitled to a public and fair hearing that should be conducted within a reasonable time by an impartial and independent tribunal that has been established by law. Another principle issue for determination is the question on determining the kind of connection that is required to exist between the proceeding s in A that do not determine civil rights and obligation and proceedings B which determined civil rights and obligation. The court has to determine whether the connection is strong enough to determine the proceeding’s outcome. Another issue for determination was whether the proceeding by ISA which went ahead to include his name in the children barred list would violate his rights under article 6 (1). Another issue for the Supreme Court to determine was what statutory regulation to apply. Regulation 4 of 2003 regulations could not apply in a case where the secretary had not invited representations by 20th January 2009. The Ratio ‘decidendi’ in the case An appeal can be made to the Supreme Court only on the grounds that the ISA has erred on a point of law or erred in a finding of a fact that it has made and the decision was based on that finding of fact. The decision on whether it was in order for an individual to be included in a barred list is not a question of l aw or fact as per section 4(3). The court decided this case based on the decision in Austrian case3 that held that it must be shown that the dispute relates to civil rights and obligations. Relevance of Article 6 (1) of the European Convention to this case This Article safeguards a person’s right to a fair trial. The article in criminal cases as well as in civil cases safeguards the right to a

The Cinema Essay Example for Free

The Cinema Essay The movies that are being compared here are made at two different periods of time and for audience of distinct mentality. Movies are made keeping in mind the taste of audience because it is totally show business. But here two movies, one of which was made almost more than 50 years before the other are somewhat similar. The base of â€Å"Singin’ in The Rain†, made in 1952 is same as â€Å" Linda Linda Linda† which was released in 2005. Both the films are musical blockbusters and were liked by the audience at the time of release and afterwards too. If we compare both these movies we will see that the plot of old ovie is not typical and lots of Hollywood movies has been made on this plot but â€Å"Singin’ in The Rain† is remembered today because it took the cinema from silent era to talkies. Its music is being admired till date and is considered as a movie with great combination of action and humor. The film is a total entertainer with almost everything being expected from a movie. â€Å"Linda Linda Linda† came out in 2005 targeting a different audience that was young and in the modern era. The taste of this audience was completely different from that of 1950s ut this movie also proved to be successful and the base here was once again music and dance. The story of course is admirable here and the film is entertaining and technically competent. There are four girls who want to create their own rock band for the upcoming function of their school. Plot of the movie revolves round the experiences of these girls to find a singer and everything needed to make a band. Their ultimate challenge became to play a single song for the function. The movie of the 1950’s was focusing on the music of that period and that of 2005 represents the music of this era.

SOME Help to the Homeless Essay -- Essays Papers

SOME Help to the Homeless Every year approximately 2.3 to 3.5 million people go homeless in the United States of America. Twelve million adults in the US were homeless in the year 2001, or are still currently without a permanent home (â€Å"Homelessness in the U.S.†). How does this happen in â€Å"the land of opportunity?† We think of ourselves as one of the greatest nations in the world, yet citizens are living a life of poverty, often without food, clothing, and shelter. When most people think of fighting homelessness, they think of providing medical assistance, showers, and counseling services for those who suffer mental illness, trauma, and substance abuse. Although these necessities are imperative in helping a significant portion of the homeless, they do not eliminate the problem of homelessness because they fail to focus on the structural obstacles, such as income inequality among different social classes and the lack of low-income housing. These impediments are at the ve ry core of the issue. The Washington D.C. based organization So Others Might Eat (SOME) is a highly successful advocate for the eradication of homelessness in its attention to individual problems, such as illness and abuse; however, the organization fails to provide a permanent solution to the problem of homelessness because it does not fully overcome the structural causes of this social crisis. Homeless scholar Talmadge Wright explains that the homeless are victims of the â€Å"previously established notions† that influential members of society bestow on the less fortunate (5). Persuasive officials, mass media, and people of the upper class have the power to influence the community into accepting certain characteristics as normal... ...March 20, 2002. Kraljic, Matthew A. The Homeless Problem. New York: The H.W. Wilson Company, 1992. Laymon, Kiese. â€Å"What Invisibility Sees.† April 10, 2002. . Moller, Sean. Personal interview. 18 April. 2002. â€Å"Salaries for Selected Occupations.† April 16, 2002. . â€Å"President George W. Bush and HUD Secretary Mel Martinez Visit SOME to Emphasize the Importance of Giving.† SOME News Winter 2002. â€Å"What Causes Homelessness?† March 20, 2002. . Wolf, Stephen M. â€Å"A Vicious Cycle.† US Airways Attachà © Feb. 2002. Wright, Talmadge. Out of Place: Homeless Mobilizations, Subcities, and Contested Landscapes. Albany: State University of New York, 1997.

Championship Manager Essay

Paul and Mark started work on Championship Manager 97/98 in early 1997. One of the greatest quotes ever came from this â€Å"Oh – this’ll be easy – it’ll only take a couple of weeks†, said Paul, the eternal optimist. It took a solid ten months to get it together and released – and that was just the English language version. The Championship Manager 2 engine was brought to its outer limits as nine leagues were combined with the possibility of running three simultaneously – almost every part of the game needed to be modified and many improvements were made. A database of some 20000 players and 2500 teams was put together with researchers helping out from all corners of the globe. This final version of Championship Manager 2, released 31st October 1997 at an update price, went straight to number one of the all formats chart and remained in the top 20 for many many months. In the meantime, Oliver, who had taken a well earned rest after 18 months solid work on Championship Manager 2, started to conceive the first ideas for Championship Manager 3. The game would once again be totally re-written. In March 1997, Oliver and new staff member Marc Vaughan launched themselves into the Championship Manager 3 project. After a lengthy three months of interviewing, the right people were found to work on Championship Manager 3. With the team assembled, work on Championship Manager 3 steamed ahead and all involved worked hard to make it into a great game. The game was (finally) released on March 26th 1999 and made history as it was the fastest selling PC Game in the UK of all time shifting over 55,000 units in its first. Championship Manager 3 continued to sell well staying at the top spot of the all formats for 3 weeks and has been top of the PC charts for 11 weeks in total since release. Three foreign language versions of Championship Manager 3 were released in May 1999. The languages included were Italian, French and Portuguese and has proved popular in all these countries as well as all the other countries where it has been distributed.

Death of the American Dream in Fitgeralds The Great...

The American Dream is dead. This is the main theme in F. Scott Fitzgeralds novel The Great Gatsby. In the novel Fitzgerald gives us a glimpse into the life of the high class during the roaring twenties through the eyes of a moralistic young man named Nick Carraway. It is through the narrators dealings with high society that readers are shown how modern values have transformed the American Dreams pure ideals into a scheme for materialistic power and further, how the world of high society lacks any sense of morals or consequence. In order to support this message, Fitzgerald presents the original aspects of the American Dream along with its modern face to show that the once impervious dream is now lost forever to the†¦show more content†¦The product of all of James Gatzs hard work is the longing Jay Gatsby, who epitomizes one of the main characteristics of the American dream: everlasting hope. Gatsby desire to win Daisys love is his version of the old American dream : an incredible goal and a constant search for the opportunity to reach this goal. This is shown when Gatsby is first introduced into the novel. It is late at night and we find him with his hands in his pockets out to determine what share was his of our local heavens. While Nick continues to watch Gatsbys movements he says: -he [Gatsby] stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and, far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward-and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock. (Pg. 20-21). The green light that Gatsby reaches out for symbolizes his longing, his longing for Daisy, for money, for acceptance and no matter how much he has he never feels complete. This green light is part of the American Dream. It symbolizes our constant searching for a way to reach that goal just of in the distance, as Nick described it, Gatsby believed in the gr een light, the orgiastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but thats no matter-tomorrow we will run faster, stretch our arms farther. And one fine morning- (Pg. 180). Gatsbys